How to create strong assessment questions for incarcerated learners

If you decide to include assessments in your courses, diversity is key! Combining different question types provides learners with multiple ways to demonstrate their understanding. Below are examples of question types and tips for creating effective assessments for incarcerated learners.

1. Multiple Choice Questions
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• Make responses distinct: Avoid answers that are too similar; learners should make meaningful choices based on course concepts, not guess based on minor differences.
• Create plausible “wrong” answers: Incorrect options should challenge learners to think critically while remaining clearly incorrect to those who grasp the material.
• Keep questions longer than answers: The bulk of information should appear in the question to keep answers concise and approachable.

Example:

Why do companies frequently use SWOT analysis?

• To make strategic decisions about new products and services.
• To identify areas of control and change.
• To understand internal strengths and weaknesses.
• All of the above.
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2. Self-Assessments
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Self-reflection can deepen understanding and personal growth. Craft questions that encourage learners to apply what they’ve learned to their own lives.

Examples:

• How often do I set goals based on factors I can control?
• Which factors in my SWOT analysis were difficult to categorize?
• How do my strengths complement my weaknesses?
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3. Open-Ended / Essay Questions
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• Be specific: Avoid overly broad prompts that leave learners unsure of your expectations.
• Focus on course material: Direct learners to address specific concepts covered in the curriculum.

Examples:

• Broad: Explain how starting a business can lead to success.
• Specific: List and explain three ways starting a business can help you become a better entrepreneur.
• Using the SWOT matrix, imagine yourself as a business. Identify two personal goals and prepare a SWOT analysis for each.
• List five skills entrepreneurs use when launching their first business.
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4. Scenario-Based Questions

Present a real-world scenario and ask learners to apply what they’ve learned. This type of question encourages critical thinking and problem-solving.

Example:
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Francisco created a SWOT analysis and determined his business idea was solid. After proposing it to a bank, his loan application was rejected. What should Francisco do next, and why?
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5. True / False Questions
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• Keep it simple: Use straightforward sentences with minimal room for interpretation.
• Avoid conjunctions: Words like “and,” “but,” or “except” can complicate questions and lead to confusion.

Examples:

• Good: True or false? Using a SWOT analysis can help you start a business.
• Avoid: True or false? Using a SWOT analysis can help you start a business but only if you start with the Strength category.
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Final Thoughts

By combining these question types, you can create assessments that are engaging, clear, and aligned with your learning objectives. Thoughtfully crafted questions don’t just test knowledge—they reinforce learning and help incarcerated learners connect course material to real-world applications.

Start small, experiment with variety, and always prioritize clarity to empower your learners to succeed.

Assessments are a powerful way to measure whether learners achieve course objectives and meet desired goals. However, not every course needs a traditional assessment. Sometimes, leaving learners with actionable takeaways or an inspiring message is just as effective.